After database name has been changed, the controlfiles are still staying in the directory of old database, so we need relocate them into directory of new database name.
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Category: ASM
How to Increase ASM Disk Size in VirtualBox
FRA diskgroup has two ASM disks, we just want to have one disk and also need increase the FRA diskgroup size, here are the steps.
- Drop ASM disk
- Clone the disk, because ASM disk file is “Format variant: fixed default”. After cloning, the format changes to “Format variant: dynamic default”.
- Resize the disk
- Clone back the disk
- Partition the disk
- Create ASM disk
- Add back into Disk Group
1)Check ASM disks in FRA diskgroup.
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER, STATE, TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,PATH
from v$asm_disk
where GROUP_NUMBER in ( select GROUP_NUMBER
from v$asm_diskgroup
where name='FRA');
GR STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB NAME PATH
-- -------- ----- -------- ---------- ------------------------------
2 NORMAL 5119 4954 FRA_0001 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK6
2 NORMAL 5119 4958 FRA_0000 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK5
2) Drop asm disk FRA_0001.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP FRA drop disk FRA_0001; Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select * from v$asm_operation ; no rows selected
SQL> select STATE, TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,PATH
from v$asm_disk where GROUP_NUMBER=2;
STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB NAME PATH
----- -------- ------- -------- -------------------------------------
NORMAL 5119 4795 FRA_0000 ASM_DISK5 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK5
3)Release asm6.vdi disk file from menu “Host Media Manager”. It detached this file from both racnode1 &2 VMs.
4)Resize asm6.vdi from 5G to 50G.
We can just create a new vdi file. But here for practice purpose, we just choose hard way to resize the fixed size vdi file.
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage showhdinfo D:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi UUID: 8a52a736-6f03-4766-b656-4e6496cce4eb Parent UUID: base State: created Type: normal (base) Location: D:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi Storage format: VDI Format variant: fixed default Capacity: 5120 MBytes Size on disk: 5122 MBytes Encryption: disabled Property: AllocationBlockSize=1048576
We must clone it into new one file, dynamically allocated.
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage.exe clonehd
d:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi d:\virtuallab\asm6_new.vdi
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'VDI'. UUID: e3f94421-f905-4dee-bc8e-91649d187d35
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage showhdinfo D:\virtuallab\asm6_new.vdi
UUID: e3f94421-f905-4dee-bc8e-91649d187d35
Parent UUID: base
State: created
Type: normal (base)
Location: D:\virtuallab\asm6_new.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Format variant: dynamic default
Capacity: 5120 MBytes
Size on disk: 168 MBytes
Encryption: disabled
Property: AllocationBlockSize=1048576
Resize asm6_new.vdi to 50GB, and change into fixed size for ASM disk purpose.
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage modifyhd
d:\virtuallab\asm6_new.vdi --resize 50000
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Remove asm6.vdi from “Host Media Manager”, and clone back with fixed size now.
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage.exe clonehd
d:\virtuallab\asm6_new.vdi d:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi --variant Fixed
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'VDI'. UUID: d0875c78-ac96-49cc-a4d0-2e55422b2560
c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage showhdinfo D:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi
UUID: d0875c78-ac96-49cc-a4d0-2e55422b2560
Parent UUID: base
State: created
Type: normal (base)
Location: D:\virtuallab\asm6.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Format variant: fixed default
Capacity: 50000 MBytes
Size on disk: 50002 MBytes
Encryption: disabled
Property: AllocationBlockSize=1048576
Partition disk.
[root@racnode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sde: 52.4 GB, 52428800000 bytes, 102400000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe5f3fc7c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): 1
1: unknown command
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-102399999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-102399999, default 102399999):
Using default value 102399999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 48.8 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@racnode1 ~]#
[root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm scandisks Reloading disk partitions: done Cleaning any stale ASM disks... Scanning system for ASM disks... [root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm listdisks ASM_DISK1 ASM_DISK2 ASM_DISK3 ASM_DISK5 ASM_DISK6 ASM_OCR_VOTE1
[root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm deletedisk ASM_DISK6; Clearing disk header: done Dropping disk: done [root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ASM_DISK6 /dev/sde1 Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done
[root@racnode1 ~]# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="fc21c76e-90ae-4d7f-9b1a-52412af3cf78" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="ifffmk-GSXU-NcKC-vww1-HMF6-Nc36-A6sewK" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/sda3: UUID="DG6gQe-VQki-1oT2-V1wk-1etX-6qkp-7QP3cX" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="ASM_DISK1" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="ASM_DISK2" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="ASM_DISK3" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sde1: LABEL="ASM_DISK6" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sdf1: LABEL="ASM_DISK5" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sdg1: LABEL="ASM_OCR_VOTE1" TYPE="oracleasm" /dev/sr0: UUID="2019-12-10-15-09-23-93" LABEL="VBox_GAs_6.1.0" TYPE="iso9660" /dev/mapper/ol-root: UUID="b4379983-435f-4012-b054-89e6834c283a" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/ol-swap: UUID="3bfcff72-20c3-4e1e-ad38-20de7cca2050" TYPE="swap"
[root@racnode1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sdf 8:80 0 5G 0 disk └─sdf1 8:81 0 5G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 5G 0 disk └─sdd1 8:49 0 5G 0 part sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 56.8M 0 rom sdg 8:96 0 50G 0 disk └─sdg1 8:97 0 50G 0 part sde 8:64 0 48.8G 0 disk └─sde1 8:65 0 5G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk └─sdc1 8:33 0 5G 0 part sda 8:0 0 96G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 29.5G 0 part │ ├─ol-swap 252:1 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP] │ └─ol-root 252:0 0 61G 0 lvm / ├─sda3 8:3 0 66G 0 part │ ├─ol-swap 252:1 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP] │ └─ol-root 252:0 0 61G 0 lvm / └─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
Add disk back into diskgroup FRA.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP FRA ADD DISK '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK6'
NAME FRA_ASM_DISK6;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select STATE, TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,PATH from v$asm_disk where GROUP_NUMBER=2; STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB NAME PATH ------ -------- ------- ------------- ------------------------------ NORMAL 5119 5086 FRA_0000 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK5 NORMAL 49999 49706 FRA_ASM_DISK6 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK6
Drop the small size asm disk ASM_DISK5.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP FRA drop DISK FRA_0000; Diskgroup altered.
[root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm deletedisk ASM_DISK5; Disk "ASM_DISK5" defines an unmarked device Dropping disk: done [root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm scandisks Reloading disk partitions: done Cleaning any stale ASM disks... Scanning system for ASM disks... [root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm listdisks ASM_DISK1 ASM_DISK2 ASM_DISK3 ASM_DISK6 ASM_OCR_VOTE1 [root@racnode1 ~]#
SQL>select STATE, TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,PATH
from v$asm_disk where GROUP_NUMBER=2;
STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB NAME PATH
------ -------- ------- ------------- ------------------------------
NORMAL 49999 49706 FRA_ASM_DISK6 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASM_DISK6
ORA-15032 ORA-59303 ORA-15221: ASM operation requires compatible.asm of 11.1.0.0.0 or higher
For upgrading 12.1.0.2 GI to 12.2.0.1 GI, after running rootupgrade.sh, there are some disk groups are not mounted.
NAME STATE COMPATIBILITY V -------------------- ----------- ------------------- - GIMR DISMOUNTED 0.0.0.0.0 N FRA DISMOUNTED 0.0.0.0.0 N DATA MOUNTED 12.1.0.0.0 N OCR_VOTE MOUNTED 11.2.0.4.0 Y
SQL> alter diskgroup FRA mount;
alter diskgroup FRA mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-59303: The attribute compatible.asm (10.1.0.0.0) of the
diskgroup being mounted should be 11.2.0.2.0 or higher.
ORA-15221: ASM operation requires compatible.asm of 11.1.0.0.0
or higher
SQL> alter diskgroup FRA mount restricted; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup FRA set attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.4'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup FRA dismount; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup GIMR mount restricted; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup GIMR set attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.4'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup GIMR dismount; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup FRA mount; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup GIMR mount; Diskgroup altered. SQL> select NAME, STATE, COMPATIBILITY from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME STATE COMPATIBILITY ------------------------------ ----------- ------------------- DATA MOUNTED 12.1.0.0.0 FRA MOUNTED 11.2.0.4.0 OCR_VOTE MOUNTED 11.2.0.4.0 GIMR MOUNTED 11.2.0.4.0
ORA-00449: background process ‘RBAL’ unexpectedly terminated with error 448
When startup a RAC database or its instances, and get “ORA-00449: background process ‘RBAL’ unexpectedly terminated with error 448”.
Checked all cluster resources are ONLINE.
SQL> startup ORA-00449: background process 'RBAL' unexpectedly terminated with error 448 SQL>
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Drop ASM Diskgroup
Here is an example of how to drop an ASM disk group.
On racnode1:
SQL> connect / as sysasm Connected. SQL> drop diskgroup ocr; drop diskgroup ocr * ERROR at line 1: ORA-15039: diskgroup not dropped ORA-15073: diskgroup OCR is mounted by another ASM instance
On racnode2 ASM instance.
SQL> alter diskgroup ocr dismount; Diskgroup altered. SQL>
Back to racnode1 ASM instance, and drop the diskgroup ocr, which is not longer used and required. There are options:
INCLUDING CONTENTS:You must specify this clause if the disk group contains any files.
EXCLUDING CONTENTS: To ensure that Oracle ASM drops the disk group only when the disk group is empty. This is the default. If the disk group is not empty, then an error will be returned.
FORCE: Clears the headers on the disk belonging to a disk group that cannot be mounted by the Oracle ASM instance. The disk group cannot be mounted by any instance of the database.
SQL> drop diskgroup ocr; Diskgroup dropped. SQL>
Find the ASM disk label:
[root@racnode2 ~]# /sbin/blkid ... .. . /dev/sdi1: LABEL="ASM_OCR_VOTE" TYPE="oracleasm" ... .. .
Delete the asm disk “ASM_OCR_VOTE” on one node only:
[root@racnode1 ~]# oracleasm deletedisk ASM_OCR_VOTE Clearing disk header: done Dropping disk: done [root@racnode1 ~]# [root@racnode1 bin]# oracleasm scandisks Reloading disk partitions: done Cleaning any stale ASM disks... Cleaning disk "ASM_OCR_VOTE" Scanning system for ASM disks...
Remove vdi file from VirtualBox.
- go to every VM –>settings –>storage, choose the right vdi file and removes seleted storage attachment.
- go to Virtual Media Manager –>hard disks Tab –> choose the right one, and click ‘Remove’.
